Philippians 1:21

Commentary on Philippians 1:21

“For to me, to live is Christ, and to die is gain.”

Paul’s declaration in Philippians 1:21 serves as a profound theological cornerstone, epitomising his Christ-centred worldview and unshakeable faith in the face of adversity. This verse aligns closely with the doctrines of God’s sovereignty, union with Christ, and the eternal hope of believers. Let us unpack this passage in its immediate and broader biblical context and explore its application to modern Christian living.

Exegesis of Philippians 1:21

The Apostle Paul, writing from imprisonment, offers a deeply personal statement that reflects his singular focus on Christ. In this verse, he encapsulates his life’s purpose and eternal hope. The structure of the sentence itself emphasises two parallel realities: living in the service of Christ and the gain experienced in death.

“To live is Christ”:

This phrase underscores Paul’s conviction that his entire life is bound to Christ. Every thought, action, and purpose is centred on glorifying Christ and advancing His kingdom (cf. Philippians 1:20). Believers are united with Christ in His death, resurrection, and life (Romans 6:5–11). This union enables Christians to live in joyful obedience and active ministry, regardless of circumstances.

“To die is gain”:

The word “gain” (Greek: κέρδος, kerdos) signals a profound theological truth. Death, though often feared, is viewed by Paul as a transition to being in the immediate presence of Christ (cf. 2 Corinthians 5:8). This eternal hope is grounded in the assurance of salvation and God’s sovereignty over life and death.

Insights from Philippians Chapter 1

Philippians 1 demonstrates Paul’s Christ-centred joy amidst suffering. He expresses gratitude for the Philippians’ partnership in the gospel (Philippians 1:3–5) and confidence that God will complete His work in them (Philippians 1:6). This chapter repeatedly emphasises themes of perseverance, faithful service, and hope in Christ.

Paul’s reflection on life and death in Philippians 1:21 is illuminated by his longing to glorify Christ through his labour (v.22) and his desire to depart and be with Christ (v.23). Yet he prioritises the needs of others, recognising that his continued ministry will benefit the church (v.24–26). This tension exemplifies Christlike humility and selflessness, qualities that modern Christians are called to emulate.

Application to Modern Christian Living

Philippians 1:21 challenges believers to adopt a Christ-centred perspective in all areas of life.

Living with Purpose:

Believers are called to view every aspect of their lives—work, relationships, and ministry—as opportunities to glorify Christ. This perspective requires a daily commitment to prayer, Scripture, and obedience to God’s will (1 Corinthians 10:31).

Facing Suffering with Faith:

Paul’s testimony reminds Christians that joy and hope in Christ transcend earthly trials. Suffering is not meaningless but is used by God for His purposes (Romans 8:28).

Eternal Perspective:

Philippians 1:21 reorients believers’ view of death. While earthly life is a gift, death holds no fear for the Christian, as it leads to eternal communion with Christ. This truth provides comfort in a world often preoccupied with the temporal.

Service to Others:

Paul’s willingness to continue labouring for the sake of others highlights the importance of selflessness. Modern Christians are encouraged to invest in the spiritual growth of others, following Christ’s example of servanthood.

By meditating on the truths of Philippians 1:21, believers can cultivate a life of deep faith and eternal hope, rooted in their union with Christ.